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Wearing black peasant garb, chequed krama and with their Chinese military caps resting on the table, from the left closest to the map are Ieng Sary and then Hou Yuon. On the other side of the table, from the left are Pol Pot, Hou Nim and Khieu Samphan. At the end of the table sits Sihanouk.
The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during mid-1970 by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A total of 13 major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) between 29 April and 22 July and by U.S. forces between 1 May and 30 June.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.
Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk was born on June 18, 1936, in Saigon, Vietnam. She is the wife of H.M. 'King Father' Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia whom she married in April 1952. She was born Paule-Monique Izzi and is sometimes referred to as Queen Monique.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.
French Indochina Banque de l'Indochina (Bank of Indochina) One Piastre banknote. Image on front shows (left to right) Cambodian, Lao and Vietnamese women in traditional dress.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Norodom Sihanouk (born 31 October 1922) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favour of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni. Since his abdication he has been known as The King-Father of Cambodia, a position in which he retains many of his former responsibilities as constitutional monarch.
Norodom Sihanouk (born 31 October 1922) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favour of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni. Since his abdication he has been known as The King-Father of Cambodia, a position in which he retains many of his former responsibilities as constitutional monarch.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
In a staged photograph, a troop of Khmer Rouge guerrillas file through the jungle of western Cambodia. Pol Pot strides out in the lead, followed by his personal bodyguard and then Brother No 2, Nuon Chea. Ieng Sary (in black) is 11th from left. The message to the Vietnamese and the outside world: "We're still here and a viable force".
Cartoon from a Khmer newspaper: The surviving Communist Part of Kampuchea leadership in 1994, including (clockwise from left) Pol Pot, Ieng Sary, Khieu Samphan, Ta Mok and Son Sen. External threats included a Neanderthal 'Yuon' (Vietnamese) soldier with an RPG-7 and a rather insipid Thai soldier readily identifiable as General Chavalit Yongchaiyudh.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.
Angkor Wat was built in the early 12th century for King Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-50). Angkor Wat was built in the early 12th century for King Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-50)
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Norodom Sihanouk (born 31 October 1922) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favour of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni. Since his abdication he has been known as The King-Father of Cambodia, a position in which he retains many of his former responsibilities as constitutional monarch.
Flying under radar control with a B-66 Destroyer, Air Force F-105 Thunderchief pilots bomb a military target through low clouds over the southern panhandle of North Vietnam. June 14, 1966. Public Domain image by Lt. Col. Cecil J. Poss, USAF.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Saloth Sar (May 19, 1928–April 15, 1998), better known as Pol Pot, was the leader of the Cambodian communist movement known as the Khmer Rouge and Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976–1979. In 1979, after the invasion of Cambodia by Vietnam, Pol Pot fled into the jungles of southwest Cambodia. Pol Pot died in 1998 while held under house arrest by the Ta Mok faction of the Khmer Rouge.
Between 1970 and 1975 Norodom Sihanouk was nominally head of the Khmer Rouge-dominated Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (acronym from the French GRUNK), the opposition to Lon Nol's pro-American Khmer Republic. In 1973 he travelled from Beijing to the Khmer Rouge 'liberated zone' of Cambodia for propaganda purposes.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
Angkor Wat was built in the early 12th century for King Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-50). Angkor Wat was built in the early 12th century for King Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-50)
Angkor Wat was built for King Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-50) in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. As the best-preserved temple at the Angkor site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation – first Hindu, dedicated to the god Vishnu, then Buddhist. It is the world's largest religious building. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.<br/><br/> Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple mountain and the later galleried temple, based on early South Indian Hindu architecture. It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology: within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long are three rectangular galleries, each raised above the next. At the centre of the temple stands a quincunx of towers.
The Royal Palace (Preah Barum Reacha Veang Nei Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea) and Silver Pagoda, in Phnom Penh, is a complex of buildings which serves as the royal residence of the king of Cambodia. Its full name in the Khmer language is Preah Barom Reachea Veang Chaktomuk. The Kings of Cambodia have occupied it since it was built in the 1860's, with a period of absence when the country came into turmoil during and after the reign of the Khmer Rouge.<br/><br/> The palace was constructed after King Norodom relocated the royal capital from Oudong (Udong) to Phnom Penh in the mid-19th century. It was gradually built atop an old citadel called Banteay Kev. It faces towards the East and is situated at the Western bank of the four divisions at the Mekong River called Chaktomuk (an allusion to Brahma, the Hindu god of creation).
The Royal Palace (Preah Barum Reacha Veang Nei Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea) and Silver Pagoda, in Phnom Penh, is a complex of buildings which serves as the royal residence of the king of Cambodia. Its full name in the Khmer language is Preah Barom Reachea Veang Chaktomuk. The Kings of Cambodia have occupied it since it was built in the 1860's, with a period of absence when the country came into turmoil during and after the reign of the Khmer Rouge.<br/><br/> The palace was constructed after King Norodom relocated the royal capital from Oudong (Udong) to Phnom Penh in the mid-19th century. It was gradually built atop an old citadel called Banteay Kev. It faces towards the East and is situated at the Western bank of the four divisions at the Mekong River called Chaktomuk (an allusion to Brahma, the Hindu god of creation).
Angkor Thom, meaning ‘The Great City’, is located one mile north of Angkor Wat. It was built in the late 12th century CE by King Jayavarman VII, and covers an area of 9 km², within which are located several monuments from earlier eras as well as those established by Jayavarman and his successors. It is believed to have sustained a population of 80,000-150,000 people. At the centre of the city is Jayavarman's state temple, the Bayon, with the other major sites clustered around the Victory Square immediately to the north.<br/><br/> Angkor Thom was established as the capital of Jayavarman VII's empire, and was the centre of his massive building programme. One inscription found in the city refers to Jayavarman as the groom and the city as his bride.<br/><br/> Angkor Thom seems not to be the first Khmer capital on the site, however, as Yasodharapura, dating from three centuries earlier, was centred slightly further northwest.<br/><br/> The last temple known to have been constructed in Angkor Thom was Mangalartha, which was dedicated in 1295. In the following centuries Angkor Thom remained the capital of a kingdom in decline until it was abandoned some time prior to 1609.
The Bayon was originally the official state temple of the Mahayana Buddhist King Jayavarman VII. The Bayon, at the centre of Angkor Thom (Great City), was established in the 12th century by King Jayavarman VII.<br/><br/> Angkor Thom, meaning ‘The Great City’, is located one mile north of Angkor Wat. It was built in the late 12th century CE by King Jayavarman VII, and covers an area of 9 km², within which are located several monuments from earlier eras as well as those established by Jayavarman and his successors. It is believed to have sustained a population of 80,000-150,000 people.<br/><br/> At the centre of the city is Jayavarman's state temple, the Bayon, with the other major sites clustered around the Victory Square immediately to the north.<br/><br/> Angkor Thom was established as the capital of Jayavarman VII's empire, and was the centre of his massive building programme. One inscription found in the city refers to Jayavarman as the groom and the city as his bride.<br/><br/> Angkor Thom seems not to be the first Khmer capital on the site, however, as Yasodharapura, dating from three centuries earlier, was centred slightly further northwest.<br/><br/> The last temple known to have been constructed in Angkor Thom was Mangalartha, which was dedicated in 1295. In the following centuries Angkor Thom remained the capital of a kingdom in decline until it was abandoned some time prior to 1609.
Angkor Wat was built for King Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-50) in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. As the best-preserved temple at the Angkor site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation – first Hindu, dedicated to the god Vishnu, then Buddhist. It is the world's largest religious building. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors. Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple mountain and the later galleried temple, based on early South Indian Hindu architecture. It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology: within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long are three rectangular galleries, each raised above the next. At the centre of the temple stands a quincunx of towers.
Queen Mother Norodom Monineath was born on June 18, 1936, in Saigon, Vietnam. She was the wife of HM King Father Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia whom she married in April 1952.<br/><br/> She was born Paule-Monique Izzi and is sometimes referred to as Queen Monique. Her father, Jean-François Izzi, was a French banker of Corsican, French and Italian descent. Her mother, Pomme Peang, was from Phnom Penh.<br/><br/> She studied at the Primary School Norodom, Sisowath High School, and the Lycée René Descartes. She was President of the Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) towards the end of the 1960s, and is currently the CRC Honorary President.<br/><br/> On 22 February 1992, she was elevated by the King to the rank of Samdech Preah Cheayea. On 24 September 1993, she was again elevated to the rank of Samdech Preah Mohèsey Norodom Monineath of Cambodia. On 2 January 1996, the King elevated her to the rank of Samdech Preah Reach Akka Mohèsey Norodom Monineath. Apart from Khmer, HRH Norodom Monineath speaks French and English.
His Majesty, King Norodom Sihamoni of the Kingdom of Cambodia at the Royal Ploughing Ceremony in Phnom Penh, 12 May 2008